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EV Guide
EVs (Effort Values) are obtained through battling. Each pokemon you battle gives a certain kind and certain amount of EVs. When training, it is important to keep track yourself, because you cannot see how many EVs or what EVs your pokemon has.

A pokemon can obtain up to 510 EVs. Every 4 EVs become 1 stat point, which is added as the pokemon levels up. The maximum EVs that can be put into a stat is 255, but 252 making more sense for obvious reasons. This means the maximum bonus to a stat using EVs is 63.

As you can see, EVs are not just tiny bonuses, they are very important, and can decide the outcome of a battle.

Obtaining EVs

Now that you know what EVs do, you can learn how to obtain them. This part is useless if you plan on using a battle simulator. As I said earlier, you obtain EVs from battling other pokemon. Defeating one may give you 2 EVs in attack depending on which, or 1 in HP. The amount gained is usually whatever stat the pokemon has that's highest.

Example:
Infernape used Thunder Punch on Wild Golbat!
Wild Golbat fainted!

Golbat gives 2 speed EVs, so Infernape gained 2 speed EVs (Of course). Meaning you'd have to battle 126 Golbats to get 252 speed EVs. Wow, isn't that a lot?

Thankfully, there are items and secrets that make this process shorter.

First of all, Vitamins

Vitamins can increase the EVs of a stat by 10, but can't raise the EVs of a selected stat over 100, meaning if you had 100 EVs in attack, the vitamin that raises attack will not work. Here are a list of Vitamins and their costs.

Remember, Vitamins cannot raise a pokemon's EVs in one stat above 100.

Item Use Price/Obtain Method
Protein Adds 10 attack EVs to a pokemon  Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)
Iron Adds 10 defense EVs to a pokemon  Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)
Carbos Adds 10 speed EVs to a pokemon  Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)
Calcium Adds 10 special attack EVs to a pokemon  Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)
Zinc Adds 10 special defense EVs to a pokemon  Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)
HP Up Adds 10 hp EVs to a pokemon Veilstone Department (2nd Floor, 9,800 per)
Battle Park(1 BP per)

As you can see, very costly items. Below are hold items that will also aid training. Unlike Vitamins, these can raise your EVs above 100.

Item Use Price/Obtain Method
Macho Brace You gain double EVs from defeating a pokemon, but your speed is halved Show 3 forms of Burmy to kid in Pastoria City
Power Weight Halves Speed, increases HP EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)
Power Bracer Halves Speed, increases Attack EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)
Power Belt Halves Speed, increases Defense EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)
Power Ankle Halves Speed, increases Speed EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)
Power Lens Halves Speed, increases Special Attack EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)
Power Band Halves Speed, increases Special Defense EVs by 4 after defeating a pokemon Battle Park(16 BP per)

Depending on you, those items can be hard to obtain. Then there's the last option..

Pokerus

Pokerus is a virus obtained from wild pokemon that helps the EV training process grealty. It doubles EV gain, and stacks with the hold items. Doesn't stack with Vitamins, however. Problem is.. the chance of encountering a pokemon with it is 1 in 21,845.

When a pokemon is infected, it can spread to other pokemon in party by battling and walking around. A pokemon with Pokerus is marked with a sad face(Pokerus is a good thing!) in its summary. When it is cured, it will become a smiley face.Also, it will no longer be able to spread the virus, but it will still gain double EVs. You can preserve a pokemon with the virus by putting it inside of the PC.

but...you can see that this is a very rare virus, but can really help.

Berries

One last thing. If you want to remove EVs, you can use certain berries. Why would you need to remove EVs? Well, there is a possibility that you defeated a pokemon you didn't intend on defeating, messing up your EV spread. So these can be useful 

Berry Use
Pomeg Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases HP EVs of a pokemon by 10
Kelpsy Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases Attack EVs of a pokemon by 10
Qualot Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases Defense EVs of a pokemon by 10
Tamato Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases Speed EVs of a pokemon by 10
Grepa Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases Special Attack EVs of a pokemon by 10
Hondew Berry Raises a pokemon's happiness, decreases Special Defense EVs of a pokemon by 10

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